Pub. 54, Tax Guide for U.S. Citizens and Resident Aliens Abroad |
2005 Tax Year |
Publication 54 - Introductory Material
Form 8898, Statement for Individuals Who Begin or End Bona Fide Residence in a U.S. Possession. You may have to file Form 8898 if you became or ceased to be a bona fide resident of American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth
of the Northern Mariana
Islands, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the U.S. Virgin Islands. For 2005, the form must be filed by the due date (including
extensions) for
filing Form 1040 or Form 1040NR. For 2001 through 2004, Form 8898 must be filed by April 17, 2006. For more information, see
the instructions on the
form.
Filing requirements. Generally, the amount of income you can receive before you must file an income tax return has increased. These amounts are
shown in chapter 1 under
Filing Requirements.
Maximum self-employment tax. For 2005, the maximum amount of net earnings from self-employment that is subject to the social security part of the self-employment
tax has
increased to $90,000. All net earnings are subject to the Medicare part of the tax. For more information, see chapter 3.
Base amount used to determine housing amount. . The base amount of foreign housing expenses used to determine your foreign housing exclusion has increased. For 2005, this
amount is $32.59 per
day ($11,894 per year.)
Maximum contribution to individual retirement arrangements (IRAs). . The maximum amount you can contribute to your traditional IRA for 2005 has increased to $4,000 ($4,500 if 50 or older). IRAs
are discussed in
detail in Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs).
Social security numbers for dependents. You generally must list on Form 1040 or Form 1040A the social security number (SSN) of any person for whom you claim an exemption.
See Social
security number under Exemptions in chapter 5.
Form 2555-EZ. Instead of the longer Form 2555, Foreign Earned Income, you may be able to file Form 2555-EZ, Foreign Earned Income Exclusion,
if:
-
Your foreign earned income for the year was $80,000 or less, and
-
Your return is not for a short year.
Form 2555-EZ has fewer lines than Form 2555. For more information, see Form 2555-EZ in chapter 4.
Foreign income tax withheld. If your employer withheld foreign taxes from your pay, you cannot claim those taxes on your U.S. income tax return as federal
income tax withheld.
You may be able to claim a foreign tax credit or a foreign tax deduction based on the amount withheld and paid to a foreign
tax authority.
For more information about foreign taxes, see Taxes of Foreign Countries and U.S. Possessions in chapter 5.
Change of address. If you change your mailing address, be sure to notify the Internal Revenue Service using Form 8822, Change of Address. If
you are changing both
your home and business addresses, you need to complete two forms.
Photographs of missing children. The Internal Revenue Service is a proud partner with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Photographs of
missing children
selected by the Center may appear in this publication on pages that would otherwise be blank. You can help bring these children
home by looking at the
photographs and calling 1-800-THE-LOST (1-800-843-5678) if you recognize a child.
This publication discusses special tax rules for U.S. citizens and resident aliens who work abroad or who have income earned
in foreign countries.
As a U.S. citizen or resident alien, your worldwide income generally is subject to U.S. income tax, regardless of where you
are living. Also, you are
subject to the same income tax filing requirements that apply to U.S. citizens or residents living in the United States.
Resident alien.
A resident alien is an individual that is not a citizen or national of the United States and who meets either the
green card test or the
substantial presence test for the calendar year.
-
Green card test.
You are a U.S. resident if you were a lawful permanent resident of the United States at any time during
the calendar year. This is known as the green card test because resident aliens hold immigrant visas (also known as green
cards).
-
Substantial presence test.
You are considered a U.S. resident if you meet the substantial presence test for the calendar
year. Under this test, you must be physically present in the United States on at least:
-
31 days during the current calendar year, and
-
183 days during the current year and the 2 preceding years, counting all the days of physical presence in the current year,
but only ⅙ the number of days of presence in the first preceding year, and only ⅙ the number of days in the second preceding
year.
For more information on resident and nonresident status, the tests for residence, and the exceptions to them, see
Publication 519.
Filing information.
Chapter 1 contains general filing information, such as:
-
Whether you must file a U.S. tax return,
-
When and where to file your return,
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How to report your income if it is paid in foreign currency,
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How to determine your filing status if your spouse is a nonresident alien, and
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Whether you must pay estimated tax.
Withholding tax.
Chapter 2 discusses the withholding of income, social security, and Medicare taxes from the pay of U.S. citizens and
resident aliens. It will help
you determine if the correct amounts of taxes are being withheld and how to adjust your withholding if too much or too little
is being withheld.
Self-employment tax.
Chapter 3 discusses who must pay self-employment tax.
Foreign earned income exclusion and housing exclusion and deduction.
Chapter 4 discusses income tax benefits that apply if you meet certain requirements while living abroad. You may qualify
to treat up to $80,000 of
your income as not taxable by the United States. You may also be able to either deduct part of your housing expenses from
your income or treat a
limited amount of income used for housing expenses as not taxable by the United States. These benefits are called the foreign
earned income exclusion
and the foreign housing deduction and exclusion.
To qualify for either of the exclusions or the deduction, you must have a tax home in a foreign country and earn income
from personal services
performed in a foreign country. These rules are explained in chapter 4.
If you are going to exclude or deduct your income as discussed above, you must file Form 2555 or Form 2555-EZ. You
will find an example with
filled-in Forms 2555 and 2555-EZ in chapter 4.
Exemptions, deductions, and credits.
Chapter 5 discusses exemptions, deductions, and credits you may be able to claim on your return. These are generally
the same as if you were living
in the United States. However, if you choose to exclude foreign earned income or housing amounts, you cannot deduct or exclude
any item or take a
credit for any item that is related to the amounts you exclude. Among the topics discussed in chapter 5 are:
-
Exemptions you can claim,
-
Contributions you can deduct,
-
Moving expenses you can deduct, and
-
Foreign taxes you can either deduct or take a credit for.
Tax treaty benefits.
Chapter 6 discusses some benefits that are common to most tax treaties and explains how to get help if you think you
are not receiving a treaty
benefit to which you are entitled. It also explains how to get copies of tax treaties.
How to get tax help.
Chapter 7 is an explanation of how to get information and assistance from the IRS.
Questions and answers.
Frequently asked questions and answers to those questions are presented in the back of the publication.
Comments and suggestions.
We welcome your comments about this publication and your suggestions for future editions.
You can write to us at the following address:
Internal Revenue Service
Individual Forms and Publications Branch
SE:W:CAR:MP:T:I
1111 Constitution Ave. NW, IR-6406
Washington, DC 20224
We respond to many letters by telephone. Therefore, it would be helpful if you would include your daytime phone number,
including the area code, in
your correspondence.
You can email us at
*taxforms@irs.gov. (The asterisk must be included in the
address.) Please put “ Publications Comment” on the subject line. Although we cannot respond individually to each email, we do appreciate your
feedback and will consider your comments as we revise our tax products.
Tax questions.
If you have a tax question, visit
www.irs.gov or call 1-800-829-1040. We cannot answer tax questions at either
of the addresses listed above.
Ordering forms and publications.
Visit
www.irs.gov/formspubs to download forms and publications, call 1-800-829-3676, or write to the National Distribution Center at the
address shown under How To Get Tax Help in the back of this publication.
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