Every employer, including an organization exempt from federal
income tax, who pays wages to employees is responsible for
withholding, depositing, paying, and reporting federal income tax,
social security and Medicare (FICA) taxes, and federal unemployment
tax (FUTA), unless that employer is specifically excepted by law from
those requirements or if the taxes clearly do not apply.
For more information, get a copy of Publication 15, Circular E,
Employer's Tax Guide, which summarizes the responsibilities
of an employer, Publication 15-A, Employer's Supplemental
Tax Guide, and Form 941, Employer's Quarterly Federal Tax
Return.
Penalty.
If any person required to collect, truthfully account for, and pay
over any of these taxes willfully fails to satisfy any of these
requirements or willfully tries in any way to evade or defeat any of
them, that person will be subject to a penalty. The penalty, often
called the trust fund recovery penalty is equal to the tax
evaded, not collected, or not accounted for and paid over. The term
person includes:
- An officer or employee of a corporation, or
- A member or employee of a partnership.
Exception.
The penalty is not imposed on any unpaid volunteer director or
member of a board of trustees of an exempt organization if the unpaid
volunteer serves solely in an honorary capacity, does not participate
in the day-to-day or financial operations of the organization, and
does not have actual knowledge of the failure on which the penalty is
imposed.
This exception does not apply if it results in no one being liable
for the penalty.
FICA and FUTA tax exceptions.
Payments for services performed by a minister of a church in the
exercise of the ministry, or a member of a religious order performing
duties required by the order, are generally not subject to FICA or
FUTA taxes.
FUTA tax exception.
Payments for services performed by an employee of a religious,
charitable, educational, or other organization described in section
501(c)(3) that are generally subject to FICA taxes if the payments are
$100 or more for the year, are not subject to FUTA taxes.
FICA tax exemption election.
Churches and qualified church-controlled organizations can elect
exemption from employer FICA taxes by filing Form 8274,
Certification by Churches and Qualified Church-Controlled
Organizations Electing Exemption from Employer Social Security and
Medicare Taxes.
To elect exemption, Form 8274 must be filed before the first date
on which a quarterly employment tax return would otherwise be due from
the electing organization. The organization may make the election only
if it is opposed for religious reasons to the payment of FICA taxes.
The election applies to payments for services of current and future
employees other than services performed in an unrelated trade or
business.
Revoking the election.
The election can be revoked by the IRS if the organization fails to
file Form W-2, Wage and Tax Statement, for 2 years
and fails to furnish certain information upon request by the IRS. Such
revocation will apply retroactively to the beginning of the 2-year
period.
Definitions.
For purposes of this election, the term church means a
church, a convention or association of churches, or an elementary or
secondary school that is controlled, operated, or principally
supported by a church or by a convention or association of churches.
The term qualified church-controlled organization means
any church-controlled section 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization, other
than an organization that both:
- Offers goods, services, or facilities for sale, other than
on an incidental basis, to the general public at other than a nominal
charge that is substantially less than the cost of providing such
goods, services, or facilities, and
- Normally receives more than 25% of its support from the sum
of governmental sources and receipts from admissions, sales of
merchandise, performance of services, or furnishing of facilities, in
activities that are not unrelated trades or businesses.
Effect on employees.
If a church or qualified church-controlled organization has made an
election, payment for services performed for that church or
organization, other than in an unrelated trade or business, will not
be subject to FICA taxes. However, the employee, unless otherwise
exempt, will be subject to self-employment tax on the income. The tax
applies to income of $108.28 or more for the tax year from that church
or organization, and no deductions for trade or business expenses are
allowed against this "self-employment" income.
Schedule SE (Form 1040), Self-Employment Tax, should be
attached to the employee's income tax return.
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